![]() Song (2016), Decadal sea level variability in the East China Sea linked to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, Cont. Wei (2016), Consistent estimates of tsunami energy show promise for improved early warning, Pur Appl. Gross (2017), Linking Oceanic Tsunamis and Geodetic Gravity Changes of Large Earthquakes, Pur Appl. Qu (2017), A dynamically consistent reconstruction of ocean temperature, J. ![]() Yim (2017), New insights on tsunami genesis and energy source, J. Song (2018), Towards the application of seismogeodesy in central Italy: a case study for the 24th August 2016 Mw 6.1 Italy earthquake modelling. Song (2018), 2017 Mw 8.1 Tehuantepec earthquake: deep slip and rupture directivity enhance ground shaking but weaken tsunamis. (2018), A recent shift toward an El Niño-like ocean state in the tropical Pacific and the resumption of ocean warming. Triggering of the Mw 7.2 Hawaii earthquake of by a dike intrusion. Chen K., Smith J., Avouac J., Liu Z., Song Y., Adriano G.Benveniste J, Cazenave A, Vignudelli S, Fenoglio-Marc L, Shah R, Almar R, Andersen O, Birol F, Bonnefond P, Bouffard J, Calafat F, Cardellach E, Cipollini P,Le Cozannet G, Dufau C, Fernandes MJ, Frappart F, Garrison J, Gommenginger C, Han G, Høyer JL, Kourafalou V, Leuliette E, Li Z, Loisel H, Madsen KS, Marcos M, Melet A, Meyssignac B, Pascual A, Passaro M, Ribó S, Scharroo R, Song YT, Speich S, Wilkin J, Woodworth P and Wöppelmann G (2019) Requirements for a Coastal Hazards Observing System.Howe BM, Arbic BK, Aucan J, Barnes CR, Bayliff N, Becker N, Butler R, Doyle L, Elipot S, Johnson GC, Landerer F, Lentz S, Luther DS, Müller M, Mariano J, Panayotou K, Rowe C, Ota H, Song YT, Thomas M, Thomas PN, Thompson P, Tilmann F, Weber T and Weinstein S (2019) SMART Cables for Observing the Global Ocean: Science and Implementation.Automated GNSS and teleseismic earthquake inversion (AutoQuake Inversion) for tsunami early warning: retrospective and real-time results, PAAG. ![]() Where isolates are needed for susceptibility testing or epidemiological studies, but resources for culture are scarce, direct plating of the blood buffy coat can be used with a 50% fall in sensitivity compared to standard blood culture. ![]() In adults 1 ml bone marrow or 15 ml blood culture gave similar results. For 263 positive stool cultures, selenite F and selenite mannitol performed equally well and culturing 2 g rather than 1g increased the isolation rate by 10.5%.įor the diagnosis of typhoid fever by blood culture the medium should be a rich nutrient broth containing a lysing agent. For 44 confirmed typhoid fever cases, the direct plating of the buffy coat was positive in 28 cases. For 69 confirmed adult typhoid fever cases, large-volume (15 ml) blood culture gave the same sensitivity as 1 ml of bone marrow culture. The effect of the volume of blood or stool on culture positivity rate was examined and direct plating of the blood buffy coat was trialed.įor 148 suspected typhoid fever cases, ox bile broth (58 positive) and brain-heart infusion broth containing saponin (63 positive), performed equally well. In two hospital laboratories in Viet Nam, comparisons of media for blood and stool culture were conducted. However, current methods are not fully optimised and sourcing culture media and bottles for culture media may be problematic. Typhi is necessary for the definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever and provides isolates for antibiotic susceptibility testing and epidemiological studies.
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